In SwSh and BDSP, if the player hasn't received the 8th Gym Badge and the wild Pokemon's level is higher than the player's, the catch rate equation is multiplied by 410/4096 (~0.1). This penalty no longer applies after the player obtains all Gym Badges. A similar mechanic is present in SV, but I'm not articulate enough to explain what's going on. For a full breakdown, reference the Bulbapedia page, which details the topic much better than I can.
Additionally, the Level Ball and Nest Ball are the only two Poke Balls that factor level into a Pokemon's chance of being caught.