Evs are to bring out Pokemons max potentials.
Evs depend on the Pokemon you are planning to ev train. You choose the evs for the Pokemon, how to spread it, and and train it.
Pokemon such as Blissey, a big Wall, should have a example ev spread of 252 def/252 Sp, def/ 4 hp/atk/sp. atk, depending on you
Pokemon such as the famous Rotom, should have evs of 252 Sp. Atk, 252 speed, 4 hp
The process is made easier n gen 6, as super training is avilable very early and bring hordes of Pokemon using Sweet Scent or Honey.
It depends on the Pokemon, bring out the highest stat of the Pokemon to their highest poteintal, making them VERY hard to beat.