I don't think it was ever implied. It could either be a war that existed entirely within the Pokemon World or a war based on real life events, since Lt. Surge was an solider in the US Army. It has been suggested Lt. Surge is from Unova, due to Unova being based on New York City. If the war he was apart of is based on real life events I would say the Gulf War, due to the estimate age of Lt. Surge and it being five years before Pokemon Red and Blue was released.