Adding some additional information to MonkeyBusiness's answer:
The "stages" for stat changes apply the following multipliers to the actual stat:
+6: 4x (8/2)
+5: 3.5x (7/2)
+4: 3x (6/2)
+3: 2.5x (5/2)
+2: 2x (4/2)
+1: 1.5x (3/2)
+0: 1x (2/2)
-1: 0.67x (2/3)
-2: 0.5x (2/4)
-3: 0.4x (2/5)
-4: 0.33x (2/6)
-5: 0.29x (2/7)
-6: 0.25x (2/8)
Basically, if the stage is positive, the multiplier is (2 + x)/2, while if it is negative, it is 2/(2 + x), with x being the stage number. If the stage is 0, there is no multiplier.
Source (in "Stage Multipliers")
Hope this helped!