Yes, you can see your posts that are waiting to be approved. You should read this question for more information. If you truly cannot find your post, then you can ask an editor or mod to find it for you.
Note that "rejected" posts do not appear in the 'My Updates' area, unlike posts that are hidden normally. You can still find rejected posts using the techniques linked above. (As it mentions, Ctrl+H is the best option.)
Ctrl+H